Effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of carious lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances

The difficulty experienced by patients with fixed orthodontic appliances in maintaining adequate oral hygiene poses a risk for dental caries. The use of probiotics has been proposed as a means of prevention. The following systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. This review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar Beta databases. The inclusion criteria included randomized controlled clinical trials involving the use of probiotics, caries and patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated according to risk of bias. Of the five included studies, three reported significant differences compared to the control group. Of the others, one article reported significant decrease in the final count of microorganisms compared to the beginning of treatment. Only one study reported no differences of any kind. It was estimated that the eligible studies were of moderate methodological quality and had an unclear risk of bias, without affecting key domains for the research. It is concluded that the daily consumption of probiotics can be effective in the prevention of carious lesions in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. However, this should be interpreted with caution and corroborated by clinical trials of better methodological quality

Complejidad textual, lecturabilidad y rendimiento lector en una prueba de comprensión en escolares adolescentes / Textual Complexity, Readability and Reading Performance on a Comprehension Test in Adolescents School

En este artículo se estudia el problema de la lecturabilidad -la dificultad intrínseca de los textos para ser comprendidos- desde una perspectiva psicolingüística. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer en qué medida la lecturabilidad de un texto depende no solo de sus propiedades estructurales (complejidad lingüística), sino también de las habilidades del lector y de la naturaleza de las tareas de comprensión. Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuasiexperimental en la que se construyeron dos pruebas de comprensión de lectura, manipulando la complejidad de los textos. Las pruebas incluyeron ítems para medir diversos aspectos de la comprensión según un modelo de evaluación basado en un enfoque teórico psicolingüístico. Las pruebas fueron aplicadas a 208 escolares de tres tipos de establecimientos educativos distintos. Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos de los datos permiten confirmar la hipótesis de que la lecturabilidad de los textos no depende solo de las propiedades textuales, sino de la relación de estas con las características de los lectores y las tareas de comprensión definidas en las pruebas.

In this paper, the problem of readability is studied from a psycholinguistic perspective. Readability is the intrinsic difficulty of texts to be understood. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the readability of a text depends not only on its structural properties (linguistic complexity), but also the skills of the reader and the nature of comprehension tasks. An experimental research was carried out, in which two reading comprehension tests were developed by manipulating the complexity of texts. The tests included items to measure various aspects of comprehension according to an evaluation model based on a theoretical psycholinguistic approach. The tests were applied to 208 participants in three different types of schools. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the readability of texts depends not only on the textual properties, but also on the relationship of these with the readers' characteristics and the comprehension tasks defined in the tests.

Causas organico-quirurgicas de dolor abdominal en niños preescolares y mayores / Surgical-organic causes of abdominal pain in pre-school children and olders

Realizamos un estudio transversal prospectivo de las causas orgánico-quirúrgicas del dolor abdominal en niños preescolares y mayores en la Clínica Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral en el período septiembre 1992-junio 1993. De total de intervenidos (182 casos) el 84//correspondió a la apendicitis aguda como la causa orgánico quirúrgica más frecuente del dolor abdominal seguida por el trauma abdominal con 10 casos (5//). Causas de dolor abdominal, dolor abdominal